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Science and Education

In the pursuit of high-quality IT solutions for managerial modeling of the economy of enterprises, it is essential to build upon a foundation of ontological knowledge about economic management.

Our research on Science and Education

Within this context, the Institute for Systemic Economic Engineering (ISEE) has dedicated significant effort to evaluating the progress among academic circles and scholarly publications in advancing our understanding of Business Model Ontology – “a universal anatomical and physiological model ontology of an enterprise.”

Over the past two decades, ISEE has undertaken major research projects specifically focused on educational and research systems and their contributions to economic knowledge development. These projects aim to appraise existing fundamental knowledge related to managing the economy within the framework of a comprehensive Business Model Ontology.

Insights & Opinions

Technical University of Sofia
Technical University of SofiaL.D.
“What you are trying to do is fundamental scientific research…. I believe that this model is unique. The approach itself is unique.”
Tsinghua University
Tsinghua UniversityG.S.
“I think the Business Model Ontology covers all the functional systems in any enterprise. Any business enterprise can be described using this knowledge. [...] it even defines requirements for the enterprise knowledge that needs to be managed and distributed.”
University of California
University of CaliforniaV.V.
“...To tell you the truth, this is the first time ever that I see something which describes the enterprise in its entirety and can explain how it functions.”

Scientific Papers

Choose a publication to read its abstract.

2026ASME

ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition

“From Zero to Industry: Creating an SMB Factory from Scratch with the Help of a Business Digital Twin. An Ongoing Experiment”

A real-world ongoing experiment in Dammam, Saudi Arabia: a new SMB factory for low-voltage transformers and reactors is planned and simulated with the Business Digital Twin, from the idea to serial production. Preliminary results show up to 50% shorter planning time compared to conventional methods.

2025ASME

ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition

“The Business Digital Twin: Unlocking Industrial Engineering and Reengineering Capabilities of the Manufacturing Workforce”

Achieving industrial sustainability requires more than just advanced machinery; it demands a highly capable workforce equipped to manage and innovate within smart factories. The BDT software acts as both a knowledge provider and an intuitive tool, allowing professionals to manage, develop, and establish enterprises across strategic, tactical, and operational dimensions. In the industrial case presented, the BDT software was vital in enhancing the workforce’s capabilities to bridge the gap between theoretical expertise and practical execution, and allowed them to develop a smart factory producing high-tech hydraulic pumps and motors, managed in all three of its managerial dimensions.

2025ASME

ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition

“Planning and Simulating the Creation of a Smart Factory for PZT (Piezoelectric Materials) and EAP (Electroactive Polymers) Using a Methodology Based on Business Model Ontology”

Currently, the production of vital smart materials like Piezoelectric Materials (PZTs) and Electroactive Polymers (EAPs) is dominated by major conglomerates. Using BMO to plan and simulate a smart factory, we provided a highly detailed, data-driven roadmap for making smart material production accessible and highly profitable.

2024ASME

ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition

“The Legacy of Henry R. Towne – The Business Digital Twin Built Upon a Business Model Ontology”

This paper introduces a pervasive digital technology called Business Digital Twin (BDT), developed over the last 25 years, as a software that digitally recreates all enterprise processes and allows for their efficient management in real-time and even simulation of future enterprise variant states. The paper also outlines the ontological foundation of BDT called Business Model Ontology (BMO) which represents the culmination of three engineering waves in the development of managerial knowledge initiated by Henry R. Towne.

2023IEEE

IEEE Engineering Education Conference

“Restoring the prestige of the engineering education through an engineering-led digital transformation of economic science”

The most qualified young students have shifted away from aspiring to become engineers towards aspiring to become professional economists and managers. This paper aims to offer a new approach that will lead to the restoration of the well-deserved prestige of the all-important engineering education, a prestige connected to the names of Henry Towne, Frederick Taylor, William Deming, Joseph Juran, Oliver Wight, and all the engineers responsible for our world to be at the brink of a fourth engineering wave in the development of the fundamental scientific knowledge of economy.

2022Tsinghua University

Tsinghua University Dissertation

“New business model ontology, examined as a bearer of cognitive potential for a historical change in the development of the global human capital”

In the time of Industry 4.0, also called the Second Machine Age, the scientific knowledge about creation of a managerial model of the economy of the enterprise for machines should be considered as the most important part of the knowledge that is developed and disseminated by the modern economic science. The latest such knowledge is defined as business model ontology. But the business model ontology, like all its predecessors created as a result of research based on a philological approach, has two significant flaws. …

2022Scientific-Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering

Scientific-Technical Union of Mechanical Engineering Conference “Industry 4.0”

“Industry 4.0 and the necessity of a new quality human capital”

Humanity enters Industry 4.0. It is characterized by the emergence of numerous innovative technologies that should be produced in “smart” factories. However, this presents the entire Western world with a problem. Talking about the industry for machines, we immediately talk about machine engineers who power this industry … This report presents a new approach to bring back the previous and well-deserved prestige of the all-important engineering profession through a fourth and final engineering wave in the development of a holistic business model ontology, a wave that will also generate a new quality of systemic economic engineers – the necessary engineering capital for realizing Industry 4.0.

2022SEFI

SEFI European Society for Engineering Education

“Restoring the prestige of the engineering education through a fourth engineering wave in the development of the fundamental scientific knowledge of economy”

This paper presents a new approach that will bring back the previous and well-deserved prestige of the all-important engineering education, a prestige connected to the names of Henry Towne, Frederick Taylor, William Deming, and all the engineers responsible for the three engineering waves in the development of the fundamental scientific knowledge of economy.